Researching what we practice-The paradigm of systemic family research: Part 1.

This is part 1 of two articles that focus on the ideological and philosophical preference regarding how to relate to and conduct research in the field of systemic couple and family therapy. Thus, this article outlines the theoretical groundwork for part 2 of "Researching what we practice" in the same journal. Research in certain areas of systemic couple and family therapy (CFT), such as that influenced by social constructionism and postmodernism, has a different epistemological tradition than in the natural sciences. Thus, only research from a narrow, selected spectrum of epistemologies has been incorporated as a key source in the knowledge base of systemic CFT. The consequence is that the field of postmodern systemic CFT risks promoting only a limited range of research designs and knowledge while excluding other designs and knowledge types, reasoning that these are less useful in clinical practice. The rationale behind this perspective is derived from ideology and philosophy rather than scientific criteria. Accordingly, in our field of study, different epistemological perspectives are easily viewed as dichotomous, thus causing professional gaps in our field. This tendency constrains the mutual exchange and development that are needed. We present a possible way out of this dichotomized deadlock, first and foremost by acknowledging - and encouraging the use of - the great variety and breadth of existing research and knowledge. Referring to the guiding principles of evidence-based practice, we argue that this would endow the systemic CFT therapist and researcher with a greater knowledge base and range of research methodologies. This could help improve the quality of treatment provided to our clients and enhance the legitimacy of postmodern systemic CFT as a branch of psychotherapy.

Prophets, puppets, and pinheads: Contesting the authority of science in the COVID-19 era.

This article studies resemblances between academic postmodernism and today's popular contestations of the authority of science by means of a qualitative content analysis of 657 critical online comments on a Belgian newspaper article about the COVID-19 crisis that features a prominent Belgian virologist. The comments portray scientists as (1) prophets who pretend their knowledge to be superior to competing understandings of the world; (2) puppets who figure in hidden schemes that cannot stand the light of day; and (3) pinheads who lack the intellectual competence to give solid scientifically informed advice. While the first two critiques do at first sight resemble academic postmodernism, they are in fact informed by the markedly modern understanding that objective and neutral scientific knowledge is as feasible as it is desirable. What we find, then, are not contestations of the authority of science per se, but indeed of practices deemed deviant aberrations of science.

Distanciamento social em contextos urbanos na pandemia de Covid-19: desafios para o campo da saúde mental / Social distancing in urban contexts in the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges for the field of mental health

Resumo Neste artigo, analisamos o distanciamento social, principal ação preventiva na pandemia de Covid-19, como fenômeno que ultrapassa sua demarcação como medida sanitária, revelando-se como experiência humana desdobrada em sofrimentos psíquicos diversos, desafiando sob muitas formas o campo da saúde mental. Situamos essa problemática no cenário brasileiro, periférico no capitalismo globalizado, contextualizado na hipermodernidade, no qual sobressai o modo de vida urbano, marcado por desigualdades e produtor de vulnerabilidades que se evidenciam no combate à pandemia, expressandose em sofrimentos e transtornos que desafiam o campo da saúde mental coletiva. Apontamos reflexões e subsídios para a ampliação desse campo, sob uma perspectiva crítica e complexa, concernentes à produção de conhecimentos e do cuidado, focalizando a urbanidade como dimensão analítica central na compreensão do distanciamento. Ilustramos com alguns desafios e também possibilidades de reinvenção em saúde mental, no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19, focalizando tanto ações voltadas à esfera coletiva, em escala macro, na rede pública de saúde, como nos encontros constitutivos do processo de cuidado, buscando subsidiar uma clínica ampliada nesse contexto.

Abstract In this article, we examine social distancing, the main preventive action in the Covid-19 pandemic, as a phenomenon that goes beyond its demarcation as a health measure, revealing itself as a human experience unfolded in various psychological sufferings, challenging the field of Mental Health in many ways. The analysis places this subject in the Brazilian scenario, peripheral in globalized capitalism, contextualized in hypermodernity, in which the urban way of life, stands out, marked by inequalities and vulnerabilities that are evident in the fight against the pandemic, expressing itself in suffering and disorders that challenge the field collective mental health. We point out reflections and subsidies for the expansion of this field, from a critical and complex perspective, concerning the production of knowledge and care practices, focusing on urbanity as a central analytical dimension in the understanding of social distancing. We illustrate with some challenges and possibilities of reinventing mental health, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, focusing both on actions aimed at the collective sphere, on a macro scale, in the public health network, as well as in the constitutive meetings of the care process, seeking subsidize an expanded clinic in this context.

Contribuições da racionalidade sensível de Maffesoli aos fundamentos das práticas territoriais e comunitárias na interface saúde/assistência social / Contributions of Maffesoli's sensitive rationality to the foundations of territorial and community practices at the health care/social support interface

Resumo Michel Maffesoli é mundialmente conhecido como pensador da pós-modernidade, do tribalismo como uma nova forma de socialidade e da razão sensível, no contexto do que caracteriza como uma mudança epistêmica ou paradigmática emergente. Apesar de não refletir sobre o tema das práticas assistenciais, ao trazer uma leitura sociológica que destaca o doméstico, o localismo e o tribalismo, e fazer referências à saúde pela perspectiva da potência pessoal e social, neste ensaio argumenta-se que as ideias-força extraídas de seu pensamento podem oferecer contribuições aos fundamentos epistemológicos, ético-políticos e teórico-metodológicos das ações de profissionais que trabalham na interface saúde/assistência social e que atuam no espaço-tempo da vida cotidiana em um dado território. Pois, ao apresentar um logos que valida uma razão afetiva e que toma os locais de vida cotidiana como espaço-tempo de vinculações e desenvolvimento de potencialidades, um ethos ecosófico de respeito às pessoas, à natureza e à diversidade das formas e modos de vida, seu pensamento pode ainda oferecer um quadro dos lugares de habitar pessoal e do conviver coletivamente, que podem vir a ser cenários de práticas assistenciais interdisciplinares e interprofissionais (praxis) afinadas a uma racionalidade sensível, orientada pela e para a potencialização da vida.

Abstract Michel Maffesoli is known worldwide as a thinker of postmodernity, of tribalism as a new form of sociality and sensitive reason, within an emerging epistemic or paradigmatic change. Despite not reflecting on care practices, by bringing a sociological reading that highlights the domestic, localism and tribalism, and referencing health from the perspective of personal and social potency, this essay argues that the force-ideas extracted from his thought can contribute to the epistemological, ethical-political and theoretical-methodological foundations of the actions of professionals who work at the health care/social support interface and who act in the space-time of everyday life in a given territory. By presenting a logos that validates a sensitive reason and that takes the places of daily life as space-time of connections and development of potentialities, an ecosophical ethos of respect for people, nature and the diversity of forms and ways of life, his thought can also outline places of personal and collective dwelling, which can become scenarios of interdisciplinary and interprofessional care practices (praxis) in tune with a sensitive rationality, guided by and for the potentiation of life.

O sujeito sujeitado / The subject subjected / El sujeto sujetado

Reflete-se acerca de certas características do sujeito contemporâneo e de sua grave deficiência de ser. Compreendido como entidade que habita no entroncamento de dois mundos, o interno e o externo, ele é, neste espaço, um terceiro hoje fragmentado pela lógica pós-moderna. Discute-se algumas questões relativas à condição de um sujeito narcisista atravessado pelos ditames da cultura atual (AU)

This article brings a reflection about the contemporary subject and its severe deficiency of being. Thought as an entity that inhabits the crossroad of two worlds, internal and external, it is in this third space a third one fragmented by post-modern logic. Some aspects are discussed regarding the condition of a narcissistic subject crossed by the dictates of current culture (AU)

Se reflexiona acerca de ciertas características del sujeto contemporáneo y su grave deficiencia de ser. Comprendido como entidad que habita en el cruce de dos mundos, el interno y el externo, él es un tercero en este espacio hoy fragmentado por la lógica posmoderna. Se discute algunas cuestiones relacionadas a la condición de un sujeto narcisista cruzado por dictámenes de la cultura actual (AU)

Criterios de validez de una investigación cualitativa: tres vertientes epistemológicas para un mismo propósito / Validity criteria for qualitative research: three epistemological strands for the same purpose

Con el propósito de clarificar la evaluación de la validez y calidad de una investigación cualitativa, luego de una revisión bibliográfica, se agrupan diferentes criterios de validez dentro tres vertientes epistemológicas que fundamentan el proceso de investigación: la vertiente positivista, la pragmática y la postmoderna o postestructuralista. Primero se describe cómo las nociones de validez pueden ser entendidas desde el positivismo, para después mostrar un intento de redefinición y reelaboración de los conceptos de validez y confiabilidad desde la lógica interpretativa, terminando en la explicación de los criterios postmodernos y postestructuralistas que niegan toda posibilidad de emplear estos términos o pretensiones en cualquier investigación cualitativa.

In order to clarify the assessment of the validity and quality of qualitative research, following a literature review, different validity criteria are grouped into three epistemological strands that underpin the research process: positivist, pragmatic and postmodern/poststructuralist. We first describe how the notions of validity can be understood from positivism, and then show an attempt to redefine and rework the concepts of validity and reliability from interpretative logic, ending with an explanation of the postmodern and poststructuralist criteria that deny any possibility of using these terms or claims in any qualitative research.

El psicoanálisis frente a la promesa de felicidad de la posmodernidad / Psychanalyse in front of posmodernity promise of happiness

El presente artículo intentará realizar un recorrido sobre la posmodernidad como una nueva forma de ver la estética y un nuevo orden de interpretar los valores y las formas de relación. Se plantearán las perspectivas abordadas por diversos autores contemporáneos quienes darán cuenta de las nuevas modalidades de vinculación y los efectos sociales y subjetivos que el discurso capitalista conlleva junto a las lógicas del mercado y el universo digital. Se realizará una lectura sobre la psicopatología actual y los efectos que la misma conlleva. Partiendo de una precariedad simbólica propia de la época, se observarán modalidades de presentación clínica que aumentan las prácticas solitarias que no llaman al Otro, produciendo efectos en las subjetividades actuales, los vínculos y las modalidades de abordarlas. Por último, se profundizará en el discurso analítico desde una perspectiva de orientación por lo real como modalidad de abordar aquello que queda por fuera del sentido desde una apuesta al deseo y a la transferencia como modalidad de estrategia, para poder reintroducir aquello que el discurso capitalista rechaza en cuanto al amor

This article aims to explain the concept of postmodernity as a new way of looking at aesthetics and a new order of interpreting values and forms of relationship. The perspectives addressed by various contemporary authors of this era will be raised who will give an account of the new modalities of linking, the social and subjective effects that capitalist discourse entails along with the logic of the market and the digital universe. A reading will be made about the psychopathology of the time and the effects that it entails. Starting from a symbolic precariousness of the time, clinical presentation modalities will be observed that increase solitary practices that do not call the Other, producing effects on current subjectivities, links and modalities of addressing them. Finally, the analytical discourse will be deepened from a perspective of orientation for the real as a modality to address what is left out of the sense and a perspective in which desire and transfer are strategic modalities in order to reintroduce what capitalist discourse reject as for love

Este artigo tentará fazer um tour pela pós-modernidade como uma nova maneira de olhar a estética e uma nova ordem de interpretação de valores e formas de relacionamento. Serão levantadas as perspectivas abordadas por vários autores contemporâneos desta época que darão conta das novas modalidades de vinculação e dos efeitos sociais e subjetivos que o discurso capitalista acarreta com a lógica do mercado e do universo digital. Será feita uma leitura sobre a psicopatologia da época e os efeitos que ela acarreta. Partindo de uma precariedade simbólica da época, observam-se modalidades de apresentação clínica que ampliam práticas solitárias que não chamam o Outro, produzindo efeitos sobre as subjetividades atuais, vínculos e modalidades de enfrentamento. Finalmente, o discurso analítico será aprofundado a partir de uma perspectiva de orientação para o real como modalidade para abordar o que é deixado de fora de um compromisso de desejo e transferência como modalidade de estratégia para poder reintroduzir o que o discurso capitalista rejeita quanto ao amor

Seria a teoria da subjetividade uma vertente da psicologia histórico-cultural? / Would the theory of subjectivity be a branch of cultural-historical psychology? / ¿Sería la teoría de la subjetividad una rama de la psicología histórico-cultural?

Este trabalho tem como objetivo situar a teoria da subjetividade no contexto da Psicologia histórico-cultural, respondendo à pergunta: seria a primeira uma vertente da segunda ou seriam teorias independentes? Para dar conta de tal questão, lança-se mão de uma reflexão teórica baseada na revisão de textos importantes de González Rey, tentando identificar pontos de semelhança e dessemelhança com a proposta vigostkiana, pela demarcação das categorias propostas pelo autor cubano e sua interlocução com as propostas do autor soviético. Com base nisso, chega-se à conclusão de que a teoria da subjetividade tem importantes aproximações ontológicas e epistemológicas com a Psicologia histórico-cultural, mas que, por esta também ter uma base na teoria da complexidade, trata-se, de fato, de uma releitura pós-moderna desta

independent theories? In order to answer the previous question we propose a theoretical reflection based on an important review of Gonzalez Rey’s texts, trying to identify points of similarity and dissimilarity in relation to Vigotsky’s theory, through the framing of the categories proposed by the Cuban author and its interconnection with the proposals from the Soviet author. Based on this, one concludes that the Theory of Subjectivity has important ontological and epistemological approximation towards the Historical-Cultural Psychology, though, due to the fact that this theory is also based on the Complexity Theory, it is indeed a postmodern review.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo situar la Teoría de la Subjetividad en el contexto de la Psicología Histórico-Cultural, contestando la pregunta: ¿sería la primera teoría una rama de la segunda, o son teorías independientes? Para darse cuenta de responder esta cuestión, emplease una reflexión teórica basada en la revisión de importantes textos de Rey, intentando identificar puntos de similitud y disimilitud con la propuesta vigotskiana, a través de la demarcación de las categorías que han sido propuestas por el autor cubano y su diálogo con las propuestas del autor soviético. Basándose en eso, se puede llegar a la conclusión de que la Teoría de la Subjetividad tiene importantes aproximaciones ontológicas y epistemológicas con la Psicología Histórico- Cultural, pero por tener también una base en la Teoría de la Complejidad, tratase de una relectura posmoderna de esta.

Postmodernism and Medical Education.

Postmodernism emerged in the mid-20th century in the context of postwar Europe where philosophers and artists were taking increasingly skeptical and critical positions on modernist thinking and practice. Postmodernism is not a single organized and coherent perspective; it is a collection of related philosophies, techniques, models, and perspectives that take a skeptical and critical perspective on thinking and practice. Ontologically, postmodernism is predicated on the belief that power and its underlying meanings, manipulations, and ideologies shape our ability to act in and think about the world. Epistemologically, postmodernism seeks to explore and understand underlying meanings, structures, and intents in the world and to consider alternative explanations and interpretations for them. Axiologically, postmodernism can be used to analyze value in the context of inequity, oppression, and hegemony within social systems and structures. Due to the lack of coherence within postmodernist thought, there is no one definitive methodological stance. However, there are many postmodernism-informed methodological stances, which vary both in terms of what is examined and how it is examined. As an approach within medical education, postmodernist perspectives can help to expose and analyze the political and ideological positioning of much of what is done, particularly in the interests of addressing systemic problems of justice and equity. It is somewhat paradoxical that postmodernism allows researchers to challenge the nature and expression of truth, and it allows them to problematize and deconstruct the ideologies and agendas of those who are themselves challenging the nature and expression of truth.

The post-pandemic museum in the Philippine context

@#In response to the global crisis brought about by the coronavirus pandemic, the Philippine government declared a countrywide State of Calamity, apart from imposing quarantines of different stringency across regions. As workplaces have been mandated to implement alternative arrangements, these major changes in turn have caused disruptions in, and called for adjustments to, business operations, with museums being among the affected. As museums are venues that store physical collections that call for physical presence and even the tactile involvement of audiences and visitors, their operations will have to be inevitably transformed post-pandemic, as are their visitors, whose mental health are likely to have been affected by the pandemic and resulting quarantine. Using the lens of crisis management, this paper analyzed the museums’ response to the changes brought about by the spread of disease and the resulting imposition of quarantine. Through a review of the responses of several Manila-based museums to the crisis, the paper assessed the readiness of the museums in creating appropriate and effective measures to manage decreased foot traffic and economic impact, among others. The paper asserts that various tactics were used as reactions, instead of proactive steps, to mitigate the effects of the pandemic to museums. The analyses are juxtaposed with degrowth initiatives, which may potentially address the economic issues arising from the pandemic. These initiatives may be of help in resolving the issue of collections management and curatorship, with a focus on the quality, rather than the quantity, of the museum’s collection and profits. Through postmodern and new museology theory, shifts from physical to virtual and other alternative modes of art experience are discussed as possible and effective solutions to this crisis. Overall, the paper aims to propose a revised model of operation that may be useful to museology in particular, and mental and planetary health in general.

Valores profesionales de enfermería en el posmodernismo: una revisión sistemática / Valores profissionais de enfermagem no posmodernismo: uma revisão sistemática / Professional values of nursing in the postmodernism: a systematic revision

Resumen: La sociedad postmoderna basada en un modelo neoliberal cuestiona el fuerte componente valórico característico del cuidado profesional de enfermería. Ante esta situación surge la interrogante: ¿Cómo se enfrenta la formación valórica en los estudiantes de enfermería y cómo se viven estos en la práctica del cuidado? Objetivo: Analizar qué se ha investigado en los últimos diez años sobre la formación ética en estudiantes de enfermería y en la práctica valórica de estos profesionales en una sociedad postmoderna. Metodología: Revisión sistemática mixta de carácter narrativo que considero los últimos diez años (2008-2018), incluye 76 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron 48 para su análisis. Se revisaron las bases de datos: ProQuest, ProQuest education Database, ProQuest Religión Database, Ebsco, Cuiden, Dialnet plus, Latindex, Scielo, SCOPUS y Google académico. Conclusiones: El postmodernismo trastoca los valores profesionales, tanto en la práctica del cuidado como en la formación de los futuros profesionales, por ello se requiere fortalecer y adecuar los valores tradicionales entre la academia y la clínica, centrando la formación en el profesor como modelo de la práctica profesional.

Resumo: A sociedade pósmoderna baseada em um modelo neoliberal questiona o forte componente de valor característico do cuidado profissional de enfermagem. Diante desta situação surge a pregunta: Como se enfrente a formação de valores nos estudantes de enfermagem e como isto é vivido na prática do cuidado? Objetivo: Analisar o que se investigou nos últimos dez anos sobre a formação ética nos estudantes de enfermagem e na prática de valor destes profissionais em uma sociedade pósmoderna. Metodologia: revisão sistemática mista de caráter narrativo que considere os últimos dez anos (2008-2018), incluindo 76 artigos dos quais se selecionaram 48 para análise. Foram revisadas as bases de dados: ProQuest, ProQuest education Database, ProQuest Religión Database, Ebsco, Cuiden, Dialnet plus, Latindex, Scielo, SCOPUS e Google acadêmico. Conclusões: O postmodernismo transtorna os valores profissionais, tanto na prática do cuidado como na formação dos futuros profissionais, por isso se requer fortalecer e adequar os valores tradicionais entre a academia e a clínica, centrando a formação no professor como modelo da prática profissional

Abstract: The postmodern society based on a neoliberal model questions the strong value component characteristic of professional nursing care. Faced with this situation, the question arises: How is valuation training faced by nursing students and how are these students living in the practice of care? Objective: To analyze what has been researched in the last ten years about the ethical formation in nursing students and the value practice of these professionals in a postmodern society. Methodology: Mixed systematic review of a narrative nature that I consider the last ten years (2008-2018), includes 76 articles, of which 48 were selected for analysis. The databases were revised: ProQuest, ProQuest education Database, ProQuest Religion Database, Ebsco, Cuiden, Dialnet plus, Latindex, Scielo, SCOPUS and Google academic. Conclusions: Postmodernism upsets professional values, both in the practice of care and in the training of future professionals, for this reason it is necessary to strengthen and adapt the traditional values between the academy and the clinic, focusing the training on the teacher as a model of professional practice.

Vivência do tédio em jovens: uma análise sobre os modos de subjetivação contemporâneos / The experience of boredom in young adults: an analysis of contemporary modes of subjectivation

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os modos de subjetivação contemporâneos e sua relação com o tédio vivido por jovens. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, que realizou entrevista semiestruturada e o Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras com 15 estudantes universitários. Os resultados foram analisados com o apoio do software Iramuteq e a análise de conteúdo, em que se pode perceber uma urgência para que o tempo passe mais depressa, sendo o tempo livre interpretado como algo tedioso e sinônimo de inutilidade. Em face desse tempo, os jovens buscam preenchê-lo, em uma tentativa de fugir dos possíveis pensamentos advindos com esse tempo, entretanto, tais ocupações carecem de uma significação maior. A principal alternativa utilizada para ocupar esse tempo é o uso de recursos tecnológicos, sobretudo o celular, porém, seu uso exacerbado traz repercussões na maneira de ser desses jovens e na sua relação com o outro. O tédio surge, assim, não como um sintoma individual, mas um sintoma sociopsicológico, que denuncia um jeito de ser pós-moderno. Ao olhar para esse jovem contemporâneo, entende-se que a Psicologia deve ter consciência do contexto em que essas subjetividades são constituídas e do possível sofrimento psíquico advindo desses novos tempos.

This study aimed to analyze contemporary modes of subjectivation and their relation to the boredom experienced by young people. This is a qualitative research, which carried out semi-structured interviews and the Word Association Test with 15 undergraduate students. The results were analyzed with the support of the software Iramuteq and content analysis, in which one can perceive an urgency for the time to pass faster, being the free time interpreted as something tedious and synonymous of uselessness. In the experience of this time, young people seek to fill it, in an attempt to escape from the possible thoughts arising from that time, however, such fillings lack a greater significance. The main alternative used to occupy this time is the use of technological resources, especially the cell phone, however, its exacerbated use brings repercussions to the ways of being of these young people and their relationship with the other. Boredom arises, thus, not as an individual symptom, but as a socio-psychological symptom, which denounces a postmodern way of being. When looking at the contemporary youth, it is understood that Psychology must be aware of the context in which these subjectivities are constituted and of the possible psychic suffering arising from this new time.

Relato de experiência: Uma narrativa científica na pós-modernidade / Experience report: A scientific narrative in the post-modernity / Relato de experiencia: Una narrativa científica en la posmodernidad

A construção do conhecimento científico organiza-se numa multiplicidade, permanentemente desafiada a elaborar modos de leituras da realidade. Esse estudo apresenta o Relato de Experiência (RE) como produto científico próprio às ciências humanas e à pós-modernidade. Análise documental realizada entre 12/2017-01/2018, pesquisou periódicos da área da psicologia, classificados no quadriênio 2013-2016, na Plataforma Sucupira. Analisados 170 periódicos, identificou-se que apenas cinco aceitam o RE como um documento científico, esses de origem brasileira e vinculadas aos mais importantes programas de pós-graduação na psicologia brasileira e situados nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. O Resultado reafirma a limitada força política do RE e a potência da perspectiva empirista cartesiana nos domínios da pesquisa em psicologia. Neste artigo, discute-se a importância do RE como narrativa que legitima a experiência enquanto fenômeno científico, e propõe-se seis passos de referência para sua construção.(AU)

The construction of scientific knowledge is organized in a multiplicity, permanently challenged to elaborate ways of reading reality. This study presents the Report of Experience (RE) as a scientific product specific to human sciences and postmodernity. The study is a documentary analysis carried out between 12/2017-01/2018, that has researched periodicals of the psychology area, classified in the quadrennium 2013-2016 in the Platform Sucupira. After analyzing 170 journals, it was identified that only five accepted the ER as a scientific document, those of Brazilian origin and linked to the most important post-graduate programs in Brazilian psychology and located in the Southeast and Center-West regions. This result reaffirms the limited political force of the RE and the power of the cartesian empiricist perspective in the fields of psychology research. We discuss the importance of RE as a narrative that legitimizes experience as a scientific phenomenon and proposes six reference steps for its construction.(AU)

La construcción del conocimiento científico se organiza en una multiplicidad, con el desafío permanente de elaborar formas de leer la realidad. Este estudio presenta el Informe de experiencia (ER) como un producto científico específico para las ciencias humanas y la posmodernidad. El estudio es un análisis documental realizado entre el 12/2017-01/2018, publicaciones periódicas investigadas del área de psicología, clasificadas en el cuadrienio 2013-2016 en la Plataforma Sucupira. Después de analizar 170 revistas, se identificó que solo cinco aceptaron la ER como documento científico, las de origen brasileño y vinculadas a los programas de posgrado más importantes de la psicología brasileña y ubicadas en las regiones sudeste y centro-oeste. Este resultado reafirma la fuerza política limitada de la ER y el poder de la perspectiva empesista cartesiana en los campos de la investigación en psicología. Discutimos la importancia de la ER como una narrativa que legitima la experiencia como un fenómeno científico y propone seis pasos de referencia para su construcción.(AU)

Healthcare Decision-Making of African-American Patients: Comparing Positivist and Postmodern Approaches to Care.

Healthcare decision-making (HCDM) may be a potentially challenging time for any person. When considered against the backdrop of being a minority, experiencing disparate care based on racial bias, and confronting the implications of advanced serious illness, the practices and processes of HCDM become increasingly complex. The purpose of this paper is to consider the HCDM of African-American patients with advanced serious illness through the lens of positivism and postmodernism and to make the argument that postmodern nursing is the ideal ethical and equitable approach to HCDM. Postmodernism reengages nurses to consider HCDM of African-American patients with advanced serious illness as an individualized, contextualized, whole-person process, requiring all ways of knowing. A postmodern nursing approach may promote sustainable and human-centered health interventions that will reposition an often marginalized group to the center of practice, policy, and research progress.

The extraordinary case of Russian performance artist Pyotr Pavlensky: Psychopathology or contemporary art?

This article examines the psychiatric and political issues surrounding the case of the controversial Russian performance artist Pyotr Pavlensky, who received a number of court-ordered psychiatric evaluations as part of the legal actions initiated subsequent to his political protest actions. The author presents the results of his own clinical investigation into Pavlensky's case, arguing that previous diagnoses made by psychiatrists were unwarranted and unreasonable. This case draws the attention of experts to a problem: the need for more accurate criteria for the differentiation of behavioral disorders from behavior understood locally as socially-deviant. This issue is especially relevant during the assessment of the mental health of persons engaged in socially transgressive behavior which is explicitly framed as aesthetic and political action.

Psicología crítica y lucha social: pasado, presente, futuro / Critical psychology and social struggle: past, present and future

El presente artículo examina las estrechas relaciones entre la psicología crítica y el mundo moderno en el que se ha desarrollado. Tras proponerse, justificarse y discutirse una definición de la psicología crítica, se ofrece una recapitulación de su historia en el último siglo, un diagnóstico de su estado actual y un pronóstico acerca de su porvenir. Las diversas opciones de psicología crítica se conciben como distintas manifestaciones de luchas sociales que se oponen al orden servido por las psicologías dominantes.

This article examines the close relationships between critical psychology and the modern world in which it has developed. After proposing, justifying and discussing a definition of critical psychology, a recap of its history in the last century, a diagnosis of its current state and a prognosis about its future are offered. The various options of critical psychology are conceived as different manifestations of social struggles that oppose the order served by the dominant psychologies.